1. They shall be enforceable by courts.

2. They shall not be enforceable by any court.

3. The principles laid down in this part are to influence the making of laws by the State.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

a. 1 only

b. 2 only

c. 1 and 3 only

d. 2 and 3 only

Answer- d

Explanation:

Article 37- The provisions contained in this Part shall not be enforceable by any court, but the principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws. 

Article 37 clearly states that Directive Principles of State Policy have no legal force and are not justiciable. Though they are fundamental in governance, they cannot be enforced by any court.

Hence, statement 1 is incorrect and statement 2 is correct.

It was realised by the framers of our Constitution that some salutary principles, though necessary and highly desirable, could not be placed on the same pedestal as fundamental rights but they should be incorporated in the Constitution. These ideals have been enshrined in Part IV of the Constitution. These principles indicate the policy which the Union and the States ought to follow, despite different political background. These are directions to meet social, economic and cultural reforms which the framers of the Constitution looked upon as ideas of new order but to which they did not give effect. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Read: Previous Year UPSC Polity Questions (PYQs) With Explanation 2020