Study Material

What are genetic markers? Discuss their applications in understanding population variation, disease association and forensics. — [20 Marks UPSC 2025]

Introduction The foundation of genetics was laid by Gregor Mendel in the nineteenth century through his experiments on pea plants,

Introduction Marriage, though universally present as a social institution, assumes remarkably diverse forms across societies—ranging from monogamy to polygyny, polyandry,

Introduction The relationship between language, thought, and culture has been a central concern in linguistic anthropology for over a century.

Introduction Forensic anthropology, a vital subfield of physical anthropology, applies the scientific study of human skeletal biology to legal and

Introduction The origin of food production represents a turning point in human history, marking the transition from a foraging way

‘Genome-wide Disease Association Studies (GWAS) advanced our understanding of health and disease.’ Discuss. — [15 Marks UPSC 2025]  Introduction Genome-wide

Critically discuss the centrality of the African continent in the narrative of human evolution. — [15 Marks UPSC 2025] Introduction

“The agenda of biological anthropology became more scientific from the middle of the twentieth century.” Justify. — [15 Marks UPSC