I. The Congress declared the attainment of ‘Swaraj’ by all legitimate and peaceful means to be its objective. 

II. It was to be implemented in stages with civil disobedience and non-payment of taxes for the next stage only if ‘Swaraj’ did not come within a year and the Government resorted to repression. 

Which of the statements given above is/are correct? [Modern India]

(a) I only 

(b) II only 

(c) Both I and II 

(d) Neither I nor II

Ans-a

Explanation

Gandhi and the National Congress decided in September 1920 to launch a non-violent non-cooperation movement and continue it till the Punjab and Khilafat wrongs were removed and Swaraj established. Gandhi gave the slogan “Swaraj in a year”. 

Gandhiji proposed that the movement should unfold in stages.

It should begin with the surrender of titles that the government awarded, and a boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools, and foreign goods.

Then, in case the government used repression, a full civil disobedience campaign would be launched.

Gandhiji promised that if the program was fully implemented, Swaraj would be issued within a year.

Hence statement 2 is incorrect 

The goal of the Congress was changed from attainment of self-government by constitutional and legal means to attainment of Swaraj by peaceful legitimate means.

Hence statement 1 is correct

Read: Previous Year UPSC History Questions (PYQs) With Explanation 2025