1. In public interest litigation (PIL) collective rights of the public are affected and redress is sought for such injury, there should be a direct specific injury.
2. In social action litigation (SAL), petitions are made for the enforcement of specific rights of a determinate class or group of people.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. The Parliament has the power to punish its members or outsiders for its contempt or breach of privilege. 
2. The Speaker of Lok Sabha determines whether a breach of privilege is involved in Lok Sabha.
3. The power of each House to punish the members for their contempt falls within the privilege of a House to regulate its constitution.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

Statement I: As per the American Constitution, the executive, legislative, and judicial powers must be performed by the separate organs of the government.

Statement II: The President of America appoints members of his Cabinet who are responsible to him and not to Congress.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. ‘The State’ includes the Government and Parliament of India, the Government and the Legislature of each State, and all local or other authorities within the territory of India.
2. The term ‘Central Government’, as defined in the Constitution, includes the President of India and the Administrator of Union Territories.

How many of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. An informal letter addressed to the courts can be treated as a writ petition.
2. Habeas Corpus deals with the machinery of justice and not with substantive law.
3. Where the High Court has rejected the petition, a fresh petition cannot be filed in the Supreme Court under Article 32.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?