1. Nagarhole National Park

2. Papikonda National Park

3. Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve

4. Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 and 4 only

(c) 1, 3 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

3. Ans: c

Explanation:

The Cauvery River is one of the major rivers of the peninsular India. It rises at an elevation of 1,341 m at Talakaveri on the Brahmagiri range near Cherangala village of Kodagu district of Karnataka and drains into the Bay of Bengal.

Its important tributaries joining from left are the Harangi, the Hemavati, the Shimsha and the Arkavati whereas the Lakshmantirtha, the Kabbani, the Suvarnavati, the Bhavani, the Noyil and the Amaravati join from right.

• The Cauvery basin extends over states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala and Union Territory of Puducherry, 
• The river Kaveri makes the second biggest waterfall in India, known as Shivasamudram Falls

Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve – Tamil nadu

• Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve is at the the critical intersection of the Western and Eastern Ghats. It is bordered on the north by the state of Karnataka and on the west by the Nilgiris, which serves as a buffer for the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve. 
• Moyar river flows through this which is a perennial water source because the eastern portion of the sanctuary is in the rain shadow region of the Western Ghats and receives little rainfall. 
• The Nilgiri-Eastern Ghats Elephant Reserve includes this area as well. The Billigiri Ranganatha Swamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, Mudumalai National Park, and Bandipur National Park are four more protected sites connected genetically via SMTR. 
• Moyar River is a tributary of the Bhavani River which then is tributary of Cauvery river.

Nagarhole National Park – Karnataka 

• The national park is named after the ‘Nagarahole’ (meaning “snake stream” in Kannada), a tiny river that flows through the ecosystem before entering Kabini (tributary of Cauvery river.). 
• The reserve has incredible floral and faunal diversity. It is bounded on the southeastern side by the Bandipur Tiger Reserve and the southwest by the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary of Kerala. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve also protects the habitat.

 Papikonda National Park- Andhra pradesh

• The Papikonda National Park (PNP) is spread in the Eastern Ghats. Its on the banks of the river Godavari and cuts through the Papikonda hill range of Eastern Ghats with an elevation ranging from 150-1,350 m. 
• Varied and multifarious streams emanating from PNP make the Papikonda forest vegetation luxuriant. All these constitute to make the area into a typical ecological and geomorphological zone. 

Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary- Kerala 

• Wayanad wildlife sanctuary is contiguous to the protected areas of Nagarhole and Bandipur of Karnataka on the north-east.Mudumalai of Tamilnadu on the south –east. Rich in biodiversity, the sanctuary is an integral part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve,
• Bio diversity: The major tree species are Tectona grandis, Terminalia sp, Dalbergia latifolia, Anogeissus latifolia, Grewia tiliaefolia, Adina cordifolia Cirmamum zeylanicum, Pterocarpus marsupium, Vateria indica, Largerstroemia lanceolata, Artocarpus hirsute, Macranga peltata etc.
• Elephant, Gaur, Tiger, Panther,Sambar, Spotted deer, Barking deer, Wild boar, Sloth bear, Nilgiri langur, Bonnet macaque, Common langur, Wild dog, common otter, Malabar giant squirrel etc are the major mammals 
• It falls in cauvery Basin drained by Cherupuzha, Bavali puzha, Kabani river, Kannaram puzha, Kurichiat puzha, Chedalathu puzha etc

Hence, option c is correct.

Read: Previous Year UPSC Environment Questions (PYQs) With Explanation 2020