(a) The Regulating Act                

(b) The Pitt’s India Act

(c) The Charter Act of 1793        

(d) The Charter Act of 1833

Answer: d

Explanation:

REGULATING ACT of 1773 

●        Prior to the enactment of the Act the three governments of presidencies Bengal, Bombay, and Madaras, were separate and independent from each other even in matters of war and peace. The company was inconvenienced because of their irregulated actions.

●     In order to have a uniform policy, under The Regulating Act of 1773 Governor of Bengal was made the governor-general of the company in India, and the governors of Madras and Bombay were subordinated to him. This provision laid the foundation of a Unitary type of government in British India.

●        Governors in councils at Madras and Bombay were brought under Bengal’s control, particularly in foreign policy matters.

●     The act made provision for the establishment of a council of four members to assist the Governor General. The Governor General was bound to accept the majority decision of the Council. He did not possess any overriding powers. Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General.

●        The act provided for the establishment of the Supreme Court at Fort William Calcutta.

PITTS INDIA ACT 1784

●        Setting up of a Board of Control: The Act empowered the crown to create a board of six commissioners for the affairs of India.

●        The Board was to consist of the Secretary of State, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and four other members of the privy council, directors and proprietors of the company were made subordinate to the board.

●        The Act empowered the board to superintend, direct, and control all acts, operations, and concerns that are in any way related to the civil and military government or revenues of British possessions in India.

CHARTER ACT OF 1793:

●        The Act provided that the members of the Board of Control and their staff were to be paid out of the Indian revenues.

●        The Act also provided the Governor General and Governors power to override the majority decisions of their Councils in matters relating to the maintenance of law and order, internal security, and interests of the British possessions in India.

CHARTER ACT OF 1833

●     The 1833 Charter Act strengthened the hands of the central government over the presidencies. The designation of Governor General of Bengal was changed to Governor General of India.

●        The Charter Act of 1813 deprived the company of its Indian trade monopoly except for trade in tea and trade with China, but the Charter Act of 1833 put an end to this remaining trade monopoly of the Company and divested it of all commercial functions.

●        The Act vested in the Governor General full power and authority to control the civil and military administration of the presidential governments, and it is binding on the Governors of the presidencies to obey the instructions of the Governor General.

●        The Act further laid that the Governor General could suspend any provincial government when they failed to carry out his instructions.

●        The Act also provided that no Indian subject of the Company would be debarred from holding any office under the Company because of his religion, descent, or colour.

Hence, option d is correct.

Read: Previous Year UPSC History Questions (PYQs) With Explanation 2023