(a) A water bag made of leather pulled over a pulley 

(b) A large wheel with earthen pots tied to the outer ends of its spokes 

(c) A larger earthen pot driven by bullocks 

(d) A  large water bucket pulled up by rope directly by hand

Ans-b

Explanation

The Noria is a wheel which has pots or buckets attached to its rim without a chain for carrying the pots, or a gear mechanism to ensure a continuous flow of water. It could only be used to draw water from close to the surface or from a river. 

The Persian wheel, on the other hand, had gears and a chain to carry the pots and was associated with a well. 

The general consensus among many historians is that Araghatta does refer to something similar to the Persian wheel, if not exactly identical to it.

Read: Previous Year UPSC History Questions (PYQs) With Explanation 2025