(a) The Poona Pact
(b) The Gandhi-Irwin Agreement (Delhi Pact)
(c) Arrest of Congress leadership at the time of the Quit India Movement.
(d) Promulgation of the Government of India Act, 1935
Ans-a
Explanation
Poona Pact
- Against communal award, Gandhi began a fast unto death on untouchable separate electorate issue on September 20, 1932.
- Gandhi’s concern for untouchables was rooted in his deep humanitarianism. We do not want, as he said, on our register and on our census, untouchables classified as a separate class…. Would untouchables remain untouchables in perpetuity?
- The result was the Pune Pact of September 25th, by which the award was modified.
- The pact reserved a total of 148 seats for untouchables in the provincial legislatures, but provided that election to these seats was to be through joint electorates.
- After Poona Pact, Harijan upliftment became Gandhiji’s main concern. Harijan, God’s people was the name given by Gandhiji to untouchables.
- He started All India Untouchability League in September 1932 and Weekly Harijan in January 1933. January 8, 1933 was observed as a temple entry day.
- In Harijan work, Gandhi’s emphasis was on conversion and not compulsion.
- Gandhiji vigorously toured the country, appealing to the upper caste to change their attitude. Despite the reluctance of the Congress leaders, Gandhi’s tour was unsuccessful.
Read: Previous Year UPSC History Questions (PYQs) With Explanation 2025