(a) The Revolt of 1857

(b) The Mappila Rebellion of 1921

(c) The Indigo Revolt of 1859 – 60

(d) Birsa Munda’s Revolt of 1899-1900

Answer: d

Explanation:

Ulgulan

The rebellion (ulgulan) of the Munda tribesmen was led by Birsa Munda during 1899-1900.

Birsa munda was born in a poor share-cropper household in 1874, had a vision of God in 1895. He declared himself to be a divine messenger, possessing miraculous healing powers.

On Christmas Eve, 1899, Birsa proclaimed a rebellion to establish Munda rule in the land and encouraged ‘ the killing of thikadars and jagirdars  and Rajas and Hakims(rulers) and Christians.’Satyug would be established in place of the present-day Kalyug.

To bring about liberation, Birsa gathered a force of 6000 Mundas armed with swords, spears, battle-axes, and bows and arrows. He was, however, captured in the beginning of February 1900 and he died in jail in June. The rebellion had failed.  

Hence, option d is correct.

Read: Previous Year UPSC History Questions (PYQs) With Explanation 2020