1. Preamble 

2. Directive Principles of State Policy 

3. Fundamental Duties 

Select the correct answer using the code given below: 

a . 1 and 2 only 

b . 2 only 

c . 1 and 3 only 

d . 1, 2 and 3

Answer: d

Explanation:

The UDHR was adopted by the newly established United Nations on 10th December 1948, in response to the “barbarous acts which … outraged the conscience of mankind” during the Second World War. Its adoption recognized human rights to be the foundation for freedom, justice and peace. 

The 30 rights and freedoms set out in the UDHR include the right to be free from torture, the right to freedom of expression, the right to education and the right to seek asylum. It includes civil and political rights, such as the rights to life, liberty and privacy. It also includes economic, social and cultural rights, such as the rights to social security, health and adequate housing. 

Indian constitution was much influenced by  UNDHR; the principles and provisions of UNDHR are reflected in Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy.

The Indian Constitution guarantees to the people certain basic Human rights and Freedoms through Fundamental Rights.

The Preamble states about the grand objectives and socio-economic goals that Indian polity has to achieve these are: to secure to all citizens social, economic and political justice; liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; equality of status and opportunity, and to promote among them fraternity so as to secure the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation.

Part IV of the Constitution contains the Directive Principles of State Policy, which act as fundamental principles to guide the functioning of the State in its goal of establishing an economic and social democracy.  

Part IVA: Fundamental Duties– It contains a list of non-enforceable obligations and duties for the citizens of India. Certain aspects of Fundamental duties, like

Article 51 (a) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Article 51 (i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence

Article 51 (k)   who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years are in consonance with UNDHR.

Part IVA was not originally a part of the Constitution of India 1950. It was inserted by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976. 

Hence, option d is correct.

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