Consider the following statements:
DNA Bar-coding can be a tool to:
1. assess the age of a plant or animal.
2. distinguish among species that look alike.
3. identify undesirable animal or plant materials in processed foods.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 2
(d) 2 and 3
Ans: d
Explanation:
What Is DNA Barcoding
DNA barcoding is a method used to identify specimens through short, standardized segments of DNA. Each species has its own unique barcode, much like how every person has a distinct fingerprint. These DNA barcodes can be compared to a reference library, allowing for accurate identification of the species.
The DNA sequence helps identify different species, similar to how a supermarket scanner uses the black stripes of a UPC barcode to recognize purchases.
DNA barcoding helps identify unknown specimens by matching a specific section of their DNA, known as a barcode, with a reference database that contains DNA from known species.
Comparison to reference databases enables matching unknown samples to known species’ barcodes, allowing fast taxonomic identification.
DNA barcoding is a powerful methodology that employs sequence analysis of standardized genetic regions to quickly and accurately characterize species diversity within intricate biological communities. This approach not only facilitates the identification of known species but also supports the discovery of new species, assists in phylogenetic analyses, and enhances our understanding of evolutionary processes.
The versatility of DNA barcoding has resulted in a wide range of applications across various fields.
In environmental science, it aids in assessing biodiversity, detecting invasive species, identifying agricultural pests and disease vectors, and monitoring ecosystem health.
In industry, DNA barcoding is employed to verify the authenticity of ingredients in food, pharmaceuticals, and other products, as well as for quality control purposes.
Forensic investigators also utilize barcoding to trace the origins of samples and combat wildlife trafficking.
Hence, statements 2 and 3 are correct.
The approximation of age of plants and animals is not done using DNA barcoding. Carbon dating is used to estimate the age of fossils.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
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